Biologists have long been able to tell living things apart from mere minerals. It is their specialty, in fact, the study of living things. So certainly there must be a metric for determining if something is alive, dead, or is not capable of life. And of course there is. It is likely that every biology book informs students of something like this:
Life, n.: that property of plants and animals which makes it possible for them to take in food, get energy from it, grow, adapt themselves to their surroundings, and reproduce their kind: it is the quality that distinguishes a living animal or plant from inorganic matter or a dead organism.Probably every 5th grader knows that. So why does the biologist – philosopher feel constrained to deny it?
Webster’s Unabridged.
There is a very good reason for a Philosophical Materialist to deny that life has an essence, a differentiating quality that sets it apart from mere matter. The problem is that life, its very essence, is not quantifiable materially. Life has qualities, such as those in the definitions above, but life, as an entity contained within a material entity, cannot be weighed, or measured in any way; it has no quantities. In fact, like truth, it is binary: it exists or it does not exist. A living thing possesses something at its core that is not material. And that non-material something differentiates living things from non-living things.
Obviously this is a fatal admission for Philosophical Materialism. Therefore life cannot exist as a differentiable quality from mere matter, if the doctrine of materialism is to be preserved.
This shows as clearly as possible the nature of the intellectual industry of today. Many pretenders to the title of Intellectual are sullied by their strict adherence to Atheo-materialist cant, a doctrine that comes first and foremost, an axiom and presupposition, with observable facts being either fit to the doctrine or denied outright.
The problem of life has further repercussions. Life, as a non-material entity, produces other qualities, especially in humans. These include sentience, conscious thought, agency, abstract design, intellect and the ability to communicate real and abstract concepts - all things that differentiate life from non-life, all things that are not predictable from the existence of mere matter, all things that refute the pure materialism doctrine.
So these things, life, sentience, conscious thought, agency, intellect, abstraction, these all must be “explained” within materialist parameters, or else denied as delusions or illusions. Denial is the easy way out, obviously.
Here is the harder problem for Philosophical Materialism: What is the source of this non-material entity, life? Some evolutionary biologists, in unguarded moments, claim that all life comes from prior life – an undeniable statement – that is intended to prove materialist evolution if one presupposes a magical First Life jumping into being. But that transfers the issue to a single instance, where a material, non-living entity somehow acquires this non-material quality, a quality not previously existing or predictable from material things. And this violates the universal laws of the material universe, cause and effect, and entropy.
Materialist/Evolutionists escape this issue by running away: they do not accept First Life as an issue for evolution; evolution starts after first life. The bloody gash in logic is inescapable.
The Philosophical Materialist / Public Intellectuals are not deterred by logical defects. They proclaim possession of Critical Thinking, a method they never define, one that somehow bends itself around the defects and incorporates itself into the thought pattern required to salvage materialism. And most importantly it salvages Atheism. It is Atheism that gives the Public Intellectual his eliteness, his elevated ability to create a universe to his own liking, his ability to create his own truths that are not beholden to any actual Truth.
As Julien Benda pointed out in his book, The Treason of the Intellectuals, the Public Intellectual quit any stance of disinterested search for Truth over a century ago. They incorporated political stances of racism and nationalism in the early 20th century. Now they incorporate Consequentialism, secular socialism, Humanism and anti-Semitism in their philosophies, rather than rational objectivism.
What they don’t address is this: What is the source of the non-material entity, life, which differentiates living things from non-living? That thing, life, is merely denied as even existing, despite all evidence to the contrary.
16 comments:
If not a materialist, then are you an idealist? If not, then what metaphysical system do you think is true?
For purposes of this blog, I encourage each individual to perform the search for rational truth for himself, and come to his own conclusion.
So it is important for me not to bias that process by injecting my own personal findings, although it should be obvious that my position is that reality is not limited by material constraints.
I would be more disposed to answer in an email that is a more personal communication. Even then I don't want to interrupt a personal search.
You might find this interesting, maybe not. You may see it as drivel, but I find it to be quite interesting.
You attribute grand qualities to life: "sentience, conscious thought, agency, intellect, abstraction;" yet many living things lack them all. Viruses in particular even lack DNA, and most biologists do not classify them as "alive," but I personally disagree. I rejejct the simplistic and restrictive view of cellular or DNA-based life models. On the other hand, I also know things like crystals, fire, planets, stars, and other phenomena which have properties of living things are not actually alive.
When you consider the other complex, self-replicating, growing, metabolizing, and biochemically complex objects in the universe, you may realize that life does not spring from magic.
I should add that I hope for this forum to be a place where ideas of all sorts can be discussed and analyzed for their rational aspects.
And that I believe that a worldview is either rational or not rational (binary), and that a rational worldview is far more preferable, although the non-rational is more common and the default, especially when agendas dominate.
Further, rationality extends beyond the material, and is not itself material.
I fundamentally disagree with you on the term "rational." For one thing, I believe the term is a loaded emotional tool meant to legitimize abstract ideals. Saying "my argument is rational" is a valueless statement. Something either is or is not, there is no "it makes sense." "Rational" is merely the philosophers "my belief," and all belief is fundamentally irrational. Hence, the valueless nature of the word. Observation is the only source of truth, and even this is distorted by our perception and must be verified.
Ginx said,
"When you consider the other complex, self-replicating, growing, metabolizing, and biochemically complex objects in the universe, you may realize that life does not spring from magic."
Interesting, Ginx. Let's take these qualities one at a time.
First, complex. Life can be a simple system, but it shows the characteristics of the definition. Complex hydrocarbon chains do not. So I don't see complexity as a differentiator.
Next, self replicating. Unless one extends the idea of crystal growth as self-replicating, I am unaware of self replicating systems that perpetually replicate themselves. Perhaps you can provide examples?
Then, growing. Perhaps again in the sense of huge crystals growing from small crystals? This not the same as growing an organism from a single cell containing DNA which instructs the construction of a final being, is it?
Metabolizing. Again I am unaware of non-living systems that metabolize energy in their "life cycle"; most systems are entropic in that they release energy. Maybe metabolysis should be defined here for mutual agreement. How do you define it?
Biochemically complex. See complexity above.
A question for you. What is the material difference bewteen a living being and a dead being that was living just moments ago? What material thing has been removed, that could define life?
Ginx,
I was right with you up to this:
"'Rational' is merely the philosophers "my belief," and all belief is fundamentally irrational. Hence, the valueless nature of the word. Observation is the only source of truth, and even this is distorted by our perception and must be verified."
This is not the case. Rationality is based on principles of logic and logical analysis, which in turn are based on First Principles. Logical analysis includes the process of examining all premises and axioms, including prejudices and biases, for coherence, based on the First Principles.
Although you have not explicitly stated this, you apparently agree with Nietzsche that the First Principles are to be rejected due to their non-material content. This is what led directly to his philosophy of Anti-Rationality. The absence of rationality is irrationality, or intentional anti-rationality.
Observation, including replicable observation, you have declared as the only source of truth: what observation, with replicable experiments to back it up, proves this "truth statement" that you have made. If you have replicable observations of this, including proof that there is no other truth, please share that.
Then please explain why replicable observations do not fall under the Induction Fallacy, and why they are not contingent factoids rather than "truth".
Also, the law of rationality that you propose is stated deductively it appears; please show why it does not conform to the Deductive Fallacy, as well.
Martin, a Christian is usually a theistic conceptualist.
Is the hypothesis that 'life comes from non-life' disprovable?
First Principles are axioms, and carry only the weight we attach to them. Unless something is observed to be true, it cannot be assumed true for the purposes of argument. I don't understand how you can deduce First Princples; I imagine it is much easier to observe life's phenomena and seek to explain the mechanics, hopefully gaining an increased degree of specificity as methods of observation improve.
I appreciate what you are trying to do, but it's quaint. You cannot build a house without a foundation, only to hope the ground will hold after construction is complete. Something that only exists because you believe in it was never really there in the first place.
Ginx,
You did not answer my questions.
But you do apparently deny the value of the First Principles, as well as rationality. This places you in an interesting position.
You have not answered questions posed to you in several posts now. You aren't dealing with the issues, you are just denying the value of logic. Why not go ahead and answer the questions?
And after that, explain why the First Principles are not universals, which, if false,
require the nature of the universe to be different from that which we observe... please?
Anyone can run linguistic and "logical" circles around anything. Your sophstry simply lacks anything worth replying to.
So you are giving up the discussion in favor of taking shots at it?
Unless something is observed to be true, it cannot be assumed true for the purposes of argument.
Can your statement be observed to be true? It sounds to me like you've swallowed logical positivism whole without realizing you're spewing its fundamental error.
Mark,
I hope that I didn't say that. I think Ginx said something similar to that, though.
I agree, it is the basic positivist error.
Stan,
Right, I was referring to what Ginx said. I should have made that clear.
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